PAL Video Measurement Set

Characteristics

The performance requirements cited in this section are valid only within the following environmental limits:

Temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, with a minimum warm-up time of 20 minutes. The following lists each measurement and its performance requirement.

The range specifies the extremes between which a measurement can be made.

All measurement accuracies specified are valid only with nominal input signals with an unweighted signal-to-noise ratio of at least 60 dB on the incoming signal and a termination accuracy of ±0.025% (Tektronix PN 011-0102-01 or equivalent).

Due to the statistical nature of digitizing measurement methods, reported results will meet these specifications 97% of the time.

Measurement Methods

The following paragraphs specify the methods for each Option 11 measurement. Where appropriate, reference is made to the relevant CCIR recommendation.

Line-Blanking Timing Measurements

Color Burst Duration - Measured between the half-amplitude points of the burst chrominance envelope. Result expressed as the number of cycles between the half-amplitude points. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Front Porch Duration - Measured from the half-amplitude point between peak white-level and blanking to the half-amplitude point of the leading edge of sync. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Line-Blanking Interval - Measured from the half-amplitude point between peak white-level and blanking at the front porch to the half-amplitude point between blanking-level and peak white-level at the back porch. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Line Sync Rise and Fall Time (Build-Up Times) - Measured between the 10% point and the 90% point of the line-synchronizing pulse leading edge (Rise Time) and trailing edge (Fall Time).

Line Sync Width - Measured between the half-amplitude points on the leading edge and trailing edge of sync. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Sync-to-Start of Burst - Measured from the half-amplitude point of the leading edge of sync to the half-amplitude point of the leading edge of the burst chrominance envelope. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Field-Blanking Timing Measurements

Equalizing Pulse Duration - Measured between the half-amplitude points of the leading edge and trailing edge of the equalizing pulse. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Broad Pulse Duration - Measured between the half-amplitude points of the leading edge and trailing edge of the broad pulse. See CCIR Report 624-1.

Other Timing Measurements

Bar Rise Time - Measured between the 10% and 90% points on the leading edge of bar.

Amplitude And Phase Measurements

Sync Amplitude Error - Measured as the difference between the sampled sync pulse amplitude and a nominal 300-mV amplitude. Result expressed as a % of the nominal 300 mV. Sign is positive if the sampled sync pulse amplitude is greater than 300 mV.

Burst Amplitude Error - Measured as the difference between the sampled peak-to-peak amplitude at the center of burst and a nominal 300-mV amplitude. Result expressed as a % of the nominal 300-mV amplitude. Sign is positive if the sampled peak-to-peak burst amplitude exceeds 300 mV.

Chrominance Reference Amplitude Error - Measured as the difference between the sampled peak-to-peak amplitude of the blanking-level chrominance packet and the normalized value (0.4 of the measured bar amplitude). Result expressed as % of the normalized value. Sign is positive if the sampled peak-to-peak amplitude exceeds 280 mV. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Luminance Bar Amplitude Error - Measured as the % deviation of the sampled bar amplitude from a nominal value of 700 mV. Sign is positive if the sampled bar amplitude exceeds 700 mV. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Luminance Bar Amplitude - The absolute amplitude of sampled bar. Result expressed as mV and % of Carrier (if Carrier is present).

Bar Tilt Error - Measured as the maximum departure of the bar top from the sampled bar amplitude at bar center, excluding the bar portion one microsecond past the bar leading-edge half-amplitude point and one microsecond before the bar trailing-edge half-amplitude point. The sign of the difference is always positive. Result expressed as a % of sampled bar amplitude. See CCIR Recommendation 567.

Blanking Level - Measured as the mean level over 32 sampled lines of 16 samples centered around the back porch. Result expressed as % of Carrier. Not measured if Carrier not present in the vertical interval.

2T Pulse K factor - Measured as the greatest weighted amplitude of a positive-going or negative-going echo-term half-wave which is within one microsecond before the 2T pulse leading-edge half-amplitude point or within one microsecond after the 2T pulse trailing-edge half-amplitude point. Result expressed as a K factor, which is the ratio of the weighted amplitude of the echo-term half-wave to the sampled amplitude of the 2T pulse. The weighting is based on the graticule shown in Figure 29a of CCIR Recommendation 567.

C/L Gain Inequality - Measured as the difference between the sampled peak-to-peak amplitude of the 700-mV (nominal) chrominance packet (G1 or G2) and the sampled amplitude of the luminance bar (also nominally 700 mV). Result expressed as a % of sampled bar amplitude. Sign is positive if the chrominance amplitude is greater than the luminance amplitude. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

C/L Delay Inequality - Measured as the time difference between the 10T or 20T composite pulse chrominance component center and the composite pulse luminance component center. Result expressed in nanoseconds. The sign of the result is positive if the chrominance component lags the luminance component. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

C/L Intermodulation - Measured on a 350-mV pedestal, part of which has had chrominance packet superimposed and part of which has not. The result is the difference between the pedestal level under the chrominance packet after the chrominance has been filtered out and the pedestal level where no chrominance pedestal was superimposed. Result expressed as a % of sampled bar amplitude. Sign is positive if the level of the pedestal which was under the chrominance is greater than the other level. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Differential Gain - Measured as peak-to-peak differential gain. The 5-riser staircase chrominance packet with the greatest peak-to-peak amplitude is found and the ratio of that amplitude to the peak-to-peak amplitude of the blanking-level chrominance packet is determined and subtracted from unity. A similar ratio is determined using the packet with the least peak-to-peak amplitude and that ratio is subtracted from unity. The measurement result is the sum of the two differences. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Differential Phase - Measured as peak-to-peak differential phase. The maximum phase difference (absolute value) between a 5-riser staircase chrominance packet and the blanking-level chrominance packet is determined. Likewise, the minimum phase difference (absolute value) is determined. The measurement result is the sum of these two phase differences and is expressed in degrees. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Luminance Nonlinear Distortion - Measured by comparing the differences between adjacent pairs of the six luminance levels that make up the 5-riser staircase. The measurement result is the largest % deviation in adjacent step sizes. The sign is always positive. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Frequency Response Measurements

Multiburst Flag Amplitude - Measured from the center point of the flag top to the ensuing bottom of the flag. Result expressed as % of sampled bar amplitude. See CCIR Recommendation 567.

Multiburst Amplitude (five packets) - Measured as the peak-to-peak amplitude of each of the first five multiburst packets. The peak-to-peak amplitude is measured over a 4.5-microsecond window at the center of the first two packets, and over a 1.13-microsecond window at the center of the next three packets. The last packet is not measured. Results expressed as % of sampled flag amplitude. See CCIR Recommendation 567.

Linear Waveform Distortion Measurements

Baseline Distortion - Measured as the difference between the signal level 400 nanoseconds after the half-amplitude point of the trailing edge of the bar, and the signal level at blanking reference. The signal is first band-limited to 3.3 MHz. Result expressed as a % of sampled bar amplitude. Sign is positive if level nearest bar is highest.

2T Pulse/Bar Ratio Error - Measured as the difference between the sampled amplitude of the 2T pulse and the sampled bar amplitude. The sign is positive if the 2T pulse amplitude is greater. Result expressed as a % of sampled bar amplitude. See CCIR Recommendation 569.

Low-Frequency Error

Low-Frequency Error - Measured as the peak-to-peak amplitude of the most extreme sampled fluctuations from black-level that are in the frequency band between 10 Hz and 2 kHz. Expressed as a % of sampled bar.

Measure Mode

All accuracies for measurements with averaging capabilities assume the default average of 32. All accuracies for measurements with relative-to-reference mode assume an average of 256 was used to create the reference.

• Bar Line Time
• Bounce
• Burst Frequency (requires a reference signal)
• Chrominance-to-Luminance Gain and Delay
• Chrominance Frequency Response
• Chrominance Noise
• Chrominance Nonlinearity (Accuracies for chrominance nonlinearity amplitude and phase)
• Color Bar
• SMPTE Color Bars Nominal Values
• Differential Gain And Phase
• Frequency Response And Group Delay
• Horizontal Blanking
• Horizontal Timing
• Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
• Jitter
• K Factor
• Line Frequency
• Luminance Nonlinearity
• Multiburst (Total Harmonic Distortion on packets must be ≤46 dB)
• Noise Spectrum
• SCH Phase
• Vertical Blanking

Auto Mode

• Line-Blanking Timing Measurements
• Field-Blanking Timing Measurements
• Other Timing Measurements
• Amplitude And Phase Measurements
• Frequency Response Measurements
• Waveform Distortion Measurements
• Low-Frequency Error
• Noise Measurements
• Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation

Power Requirements

Mains Voltage Range - 87 V AC to 132 V AC or 174 V AC to 250 V AC

Mains Frequency - 47 Hz to 63 Hz

Power Consumption - 250 Watts

Environmental

Temperature -

Operating: 0 to +50 °C ambient

Physical Characteristics

Dimensions -

Width: 483 mm (19 in.)

Height: 222 mm (8.75 in.)

Depth: 556 mm (21.90 in.)

Weight: Approximately or equal to 20 kg (45 lb.)