PA4000 Power Analyzer, Datasheet

PA4000 Datasheet

Tektronix PA4000 Power Analyzers deliver highly accurate, multi-channel power, energy, and efficiency measurements. Precisely-matched inputs, unique Spiral Shunt™ technology, and advanced signal processing deliver high accuracy even with highly modulated waveforms and crest factors as high as 10. The versatile PA4000 offers comprehensive power measurements. Dual current shunts provide optimal resolution from microwatts to kilowatts. Harmonics analysis up to the 100^thharmonic, and motor analysis with torque and speed inputs are included in the standard instrument. Every PA4000 comes with multiple PC interfaces, PC software, and USB flash drive support to help you collect and analyze data.

Key features

1 to 4 Input Modules allows several configurations to match your application
High measurement accuracy of 0.01% (basic voltage & current accuracy) for demanding test requirements
Dual internal current shunts for each module maximize accuracy for high- and low-current measurements
Unique Spiral Shunt^TMdesign maintains stability over variations in current, temperature, etc. (patent applied for)
Proprietary frequency detection algorithms ensure rock-solid frequency tracking even on noisy waveforms
Application-specific test modes simplify instrument setup and reduce the likelihood of user error
Easy data export to USB flash drive or remote PC software, for reporting and/or remote control
Many standard features such as comm ports and harmonic analysis eliminate costly upgrade options

Applications

Flexible voltage and current input choices to fit your application

The PA4000 is the only instrument of its kind to feature both high- and low-range internal current shunts in each input module. The 30-Amp shunt is perfect for many applications and can accept up to 200 A peak, but for measuring low-current devices, the 1 A shunt provides increased resolution and accuracy for measurements down into the microamp range. For measuring currents over 30 Amps, a selection of matching external current transducers are available in several styles, including high-accuracy transducers up to 1000 A.

The PA4000's voltage inputs can accept up to 600 V_RMS, 2000 V_peak, continuous.

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PA4000 Rear Panel - Input Modules on a 3-channel instrument

Unique Spiral Shunt™ technology (patent applied for)

The PA4000 employs an innovative Spiral Shunt design that ensures stable, linear response over a wide range of input current levels, ambient temperatures, crest factors, and other variables. This new design is superior to other shunt technologies and contributes to the instrument's reliable accuracy and repeatability over a wide range of signal conditions common in today's power conversion technologies. The spiral construction not only minimizes stray inductance (for optimum high frequency performance) but also provides for high overload capability and improved thermal stability.

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Spiral Shunt for 30 A input

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Spiral Shunt for 1 A input

Application-specific test modes

Some applications require special instrument settings to ensure proper measurements. The PA4000 simplifies setup for these applications by automatically choosing instrument settings and parameters that are optimized for each type of measurement application, resulting in more reliable measurement results with less opportunity for user setup error.

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Selection of application-specific test modes.

PWM motor drive mode

PWM motor mode is designed to overcome the difficulties associated with making measurements on the complex waveforms commonly found on the motor drives. High frequency sampling is combined with digital filtering to reject the carrier frequency and extract the motor frequency while still using prefiltered data for power parameters

Standby power mode

Driven by consumer demand and energy efficiency regulations (such as ENERGY STAR), there is an ever-increasing need to measure power consumption of products while they are in standby mode. One of the most widely used standards for measurement is IEC 62301. Part of this standard requires the measurement of power over a prolonged period of time without missing any short duration power events. The PA4000 standby power mode provides continuous sampling of voltage and current to produce an accurate Watts measurement over the user specified period.

Ballast mode

Ballast mode synchronizes measurements for highly modulated electronic ballast waveforms. In modern electronic lighting ballasts, it is often difficult to make accurate measurements because the output signals are high frequency waveforms that are heavily modulated by the power frequency. Ballast mode provides a way of locking the measurement period to the power frequency.

Integrator mode

Integrator mode is used to provide measurements for determining energy consumption (Watt-hours, Ampere-hours, etc.). In addition, for certain parameters, average values are also available.

PWRVIEW PC software for the PA4000 Power Analyzers

PWRVIEW is a supporting software application for Windows PCs that compliments and extends the functionality of the PA4000. PWRVIEW enables you to do the following:

Communicate with PA4000 over any of the instrument's comm ports
Change instrument settings remotely
Transfer, view, and save measurement data in real-time from the instrument, including waveforms, harmonic bar charts, and plots
Log measurement data over a period of time
Communicate with and download data from multiple PA4000 instruments simultaneously
Create formulae for the calculation of power conversion efficiency and other values
Export measurement data to .csv format for import into other applications
Automate instrument setup, data collection, and report generation for key applications with just a few clicks, using wizard-driven interfaces
Perform automated full compliance testing for Low Power Standby per IEC62301, Edition 2
Other test automation will be added with future releases

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Standard harmonics analysis

The PA4000 features harmonics analysis to the 100^thharmonic as a standard feature. Harmonics, THD, and related measurements can all be analyzed simultaneously with other power parameters. Accurate measurement of harmonic amplitude, phase, and harmonic power are included, which are critical to the analysis of losses in rotating machinery.

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Harmonics bar chart display mode.

Standard communication ports

The PA4000 comes standard with USB, Ethernet, and RS-232 communication ports, plus a front-mounted USB port for data export to a flash drive. GPIB is available as a factory-installed option.

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PA4000 rear panel, with communication ports

Specifications

All specifications are guaranteed unless noted otherwise.

Measurements

All measurements taken at 1 MHz with a sample rate of 1 Megasample/second.

Measurement accuracy specifications are valid up to a Crest Factor of 10.

The recommended calibration interval is one year.

Available measurements

V_RMS - Volts RMS	VDF - Volts Distortion Factor
A_RMS - Amps RMS	VTIF - Volts Telephone Influence Factor
WATT - Watts	ATHD - Amps Total Harmonic Distortion
VA - Volt-Amps	ADF - Amps Distortion Factor
VAR - Volt-Amps Reactive	ATIF - Amps Telephone Influence Factor
FRQ - Frequency	VF - Fundamental Volts rms
PF - Power factor	AF - Fundamental Amps rms
VPK+ - Volts peak (positive)	IMP - Impedance
VPK- - Volts peak (negative)	RES - Resistance
APK+ - Amps peak (positive)	REA - Reactance
APK- - Amps peak (negative)	HR - Integrator time
VDC - Volts DC	WHR - Watt Hours
ADC - Amps DC	VAH - VA Hours
VRMN - Volts rectified mean	VRH - VAr Hours
ARMN - Amps rectified mean	AHR - Amp Hours
VCF - Voltage crest factor	WAV - Average Watts
ACF - Current crest factor	PFAV - Average Power Factor
VTHD - Volts Total Harmonic Distortion	CVAR - Correction VArs

Voltage and current ranges

Voltage ranges: 2000 V_peak, 600 V_peak, 500 V_peak, 200 V_peak, 100 V_peak, 50 V_peak, 20 V_peak, 10 V_peak, 5 V_peak, 2 V_peak
Current ranges (30 A shunt): 200 A_peak, 100 A_peak, 50 A_peak, 20 A_peak, 10 A_peak, 5 A_peak, 2 A_peak, 1 A_peak, 0.5 A_peak, 0.2 A_peak, 0.1 A_peak
Current ranges (1 A shunt): 5 A_peak, 2.5 A_peak, 1.25 A_peak, 0.5 A_peak, 0.25 A_peak, 0.125 A_peak, 0.05 A_peak, 0.025 A_peak, 0.0125 A_peak, 0.005 A_peak, 0.0025 A_peak
Current ranges (external shunt): 3 V_peak, 1.5 V_peak, 0.75 V_peak, 0.3 V_peak, 0.15 V_peak, 0.075 V_peak, 0.03 V_peak, 0.015 V_peak, 0.0075 V_peak, 0.003 V_peak, 0.0015 V_peak

Measurement accuracy - voltage and current

Voltage accuracy, V_RMS ( 45 Hz - 850 Hz ) ¹

± 0.01% of Reading ± 0.04% of Range

Voltage accuracy, V_RMS ( 10 Hz - 45 Hz, 850 Hz - 1 MHz )

± 0.05% of Reading ± 0.05% of Range ± (0.02*F)% of Reading ± 0.02 V (typical)

Voltage accuracy, DC

± 0.05% of Reading ± 0.1% of Range ± 0.05 V

Voltage accuracy, V_rmn

± 0.2% of Reading ± 0.1% of Range ± 0.1 V

Effect of common mode (typical)

600 V, 60 Hz < 10 mV

100 V, 100 kHz < 50 mV

Current accuracy, A_RMS ( 45 Hz - 850 Hz ) ¹

± 0.01% of Reading ± 0.04% of Range

Current accuracy, A_RMS ( 10 Hz - 45 Hz, 850 Hz - 1 MHz )

± 0.05% of Reading ± 0.05% of Range ± (0.02*F)% of Reading ± (20 µV/Z_ext) (typical)

Current accuracy, DC

± 0.05% of Reading ± 0.1% of Range ± (50 µV/Z_ext)

Current accuracy, A_rmn

± 0.2% of Reading ± 0.1% of Range ± (100 µV/Z_ext)

¹These specifications apply under the following conditions:

Volts = 10 V range or higher
30 A shunt = 0.5 A range or higher
1 A shunt = 0.025 A range or higher
Signal > 30% of range
Watts accuracy @ PF = 1

Measurement accuracy - power

Watts accuracy (45 - 850 Hz) ¹

± 0.02% of Reading ± 0.06% of Range

VA accuracy (45 - 850 Hz) ¹

± 0.02% of Reading ± 0.06% of Range

VAR accuracy

PF Accuracy

Cos θ -cos [ θ± ( Vh1_ph.err± Ah1_ph.err)] ± 0.001

Measurement accuracy - Harmonic magnitude and phase ¹

Voltage harmonics (45 Hz - 850 Hz) (typical for 10 Hz to 45 Hz and 850 Hz to 1 MHz): ± 0.08% of Reading ± 0.08% of Range ± (0.02*F)% of Reading ± 0.02 V
Voltage harmonics phase (45 Hz - 850 Hz) (typical for 10 Hz to 45 Hz and 850 Hz to 1 MHz): ± 0.025 ± [ 0.005 * V_range / V_reading )] ± (0.1 / V_range) ± ( 0.002 *F )
Current harmonics (45 Hz - 850 Hz) (typical for 10 Hz to 45 Hz and 850 Hz to 1 MHz): ± 0.08% of Reading ± 0.08% of Range ± (0.02*F)% of Reading ± (20 µV /Z_ext)
Current harmonics phase (45 Hz - 850 Hz) (typical for 10 Hz to 45 Hz and 850 Hz to 1 MHz): ± 0.025 ± [0.005 * A_range / A_reading)] ± (0.001 / A_{range *} Z_ext)) ± (0.002 *F)

¹F is the frequency measured in kHz. In the case of harmonics, F is the harmonic frequency.

Z_extis the shunt impedance (0.6 Ω for 1 A shunt, 9.375 mΩ for 30 A shunt). It is assumed that the waveform measured is a sine wave.

Measurement conditions during calibration: Instrument default settings unless otherwise stated, Sine waves applied to V and I inputs, 30 minute warm-up, Temperature 23 °C ±5 °C.

Physical characteristics

Dimensions

Height	13.2 cm.	5.2 in.
Width	42 cm.	16.5 in.
Depth	31 cm.	12.5 in.

Weight

Net (without lead set)

8.8 kg

19.5 lb.

Temperature

Storage	-20 ^○ C to +60 ^○ C
Operating	0 ^○ C to +40 ^○ C

Ordering information

PA4000 models

A PA4000 must be ordered with one of the following options:

Opt. 1CH: One input module installed
Opt. 2CH: Two input modules installed
Opt. 3CH: Three input modules installed
Opt. 4CH: Four input modules installed

Standard accessories

Instrument options

Opt. GPIB: GPIB Interface
Opt. 15V: Power Output for External Current Transducers

Language options: No Language Options - Standard documentation CD includes user manual in English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, and Russian.

Power cord options

Opt. A0: North America power plug (115 V, 60 Hz)
Opt. A1: Universal Euro power plug (220 V, 50 Hz)
Opt. A2: United Kingdom power plug (240 V, 50 Hz)
Opt. A3: Australia power plug (240 V, 50 Hz)
Opt. A4: North America power plug (240 V, 50 Hz)
Opt. A5: Switzerland power plug (220 V, 50 Hz)
Opt. A6: Japan power plug (100 V, 50/60 Hz)
Opt. A10: China power plug (50 Hz)
Opt. A11: India power plug (50 Hz)
Opt. A12: Brazil power plug (60 Hz)
Opt. A99: No power cord

Service options

Opt. C3: Calibration Service 3 Years
Opt. C5: Calibration Service 5 Years
Opt. D1: Calibration Data Report
Opt. D3: Calibration Data Report 3 Years (with Opt. C3)
Opt. D5: Calibration Data Report 5 Years (with Opt. C5)
Opt. G3: Complete Care 3 Years (includes loaner, scheduled calibration, and more)
Opt. G5: Complete Care 5 Years (includes loaner, scheduled calibration, and more)

Recommended accessories

CT-60-S: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, high accuracy, up to 60 A
CT-200-S: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, high accuracy, up to 200 A
CT-400-S: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, high accuracy, up to 400 A
CT-1000-S: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, high accuracy, up to 1000 A
CT-100-M: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, Hall effect, up to 100 A
CT-200-M: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, Hall effect, up to 200 A
CT-500-M: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, Hall effect, up to 500 A
CT-1000-M: Fixed-core current transducer, AC/DC, Hall effect, up to 1000 A
CL200: Current clamp, 1 A - 200 A, for Tektronix Power Analyzers, AC only
CL1200: Current clamp, 0.1 A - 1200 A, for Tektronix Power Analyzers, AC only
PA-LEADSET: Replacement lead set for Tektronix Power Analyzers (One channel lead set)

See Accessories datasheet # 55W-29381-0 for more detailed descriptions.


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	Product(s) complies with IEEE Standard 488.1-1987, RS-232-C, and with Tektronix Standard Codes and Formats.
	Product Area Assessed: The planning, design/development and manufacture of electronic Test and Measurement instruments.