SONET Telecommunications Standard Primer
Table of Contents
| What is SONET? |
|
| Background |
| Synchronization of Digital Signals |
| Basic SONET Signal |
|
| Synchronous versus Asynchronous |
| Synchronization Hierarchy |
| Synchronizing SONET |
|
| STS-1 Building Block |
| STS-1 Frame Structure |
| STS-1 Envelope Capacity and Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) |
| STS-1 SPE in Interior of STS-1 Frames |
| STS-N Frame Structure |
|
| Section Overhead |
| Line Overhead |
| STS Path Overhead |
| VT Path Overhead |
| SONET Alarm Structure |
|
| VT Mappings |
| Concatenated Payloads |
| Payload Pointers |
| Positive Stuffing |
| Negative Stuffing |
| Virtual Tributaries |
| STS-1 VT1.5 SPE Columns |
| DS1 Visibility |
| VT Superframe and Envelope Capacity |
| VT SPE and Payload Capacity |
|
|
| Terminal Multiplexer |
| Regenerator |
| Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) |
| Wideband Digital Cross-Connects |
| Broadband Digital Cross-Connect |
| Digital Loop Carrier |
|
| Point-to-Point |
| Point-to-Multipoint |
| Hub Network |
| Ring Architecture |
|
| Pointers, MUX/ DEMUX |
| Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing |
| Optical Interconnect |
| Multipoint Configurations |
| Convergence, ATM, Video, and SONET |
| Grooming |
| Reduced Cabling and Elimination of DSX Panels |
| Enhanced OAM and P |
| Enhanced Performance Monitoring |
|
| Convergence of SONET and SDH Hierarchies |
| Asynchronous and Synchronous Tributaries |
|
|
2RW-11407-2, 08/2001, 09/06/2001
1.0 MB